The Volume Indicators Library: Klinger, Force Index, A/D & More

Volume is the market's polygraph — price says what happened, volume says how much conviction was behind it. Beyond OBV, MFI, CMF, and VWAP, the Setup.Cash engine includes this full volume library for crypto and stock strategies in the strategy builder.

Accumulation / Distribution Family

• Accumulation/Distribution (A/D): weights volume by where the close lands within the bar's range — a more nuanced OBV.
• Chaikin A/D Oscillator (ADOSC): fast-minus-slow EMA of the A/D line; momentum of money flow.
• Archer On-Balance Volume (AOBV): OBV wrapped with moving averages and long/short run signals.
• Price Volume Trend (PVT): like OBV but adds volume scaled by the percent move — big moves count proportionally.

Force & Flow Oscillators

• Elder Force Index (EFI): price change × volume, smoothed — Alexander Elder's measure of each move's true force.
• Klinger Volume Oscillator (KVO): long/short EMA difference of signed volume force, built to catch reversals early while confirming trends.
• Ease of Movement (EOM): how far price travels per unit of volume — high readings mean price is gliding with little resistance.
• Time Segmented Volume (TSV): intraday-style accumulation oscillator comparing segmented up/down volume.
• Percentage Volume Oscillator (PVO): MACD applied to volume itself — is activity expanding or contracting?

Index Trackers

• Positive Volume Index (PVI): updates only on higher-volume days — tracks what the crowd is doing.
• Negative Volume Index (NVI): updates only on lower-volume days — the classic theory says smart money acts when it's quiet.
• Price Volume Rank (PVR): categorical rank of price/volume combinations for quick pattern rules.
• Price-Volume (PVOL): raw price × volume — turnover as a series.

Putting Volume to Work

Three dependable patterns: confirmation (require A/D or KVO to agree with a breakout), divergence (force fading while price pushes on), and participation gating (skip signals when relative volume is dead). Volume data quality varies by market — always backtest on the exact symbols and broker feed you'll trade.